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The headstock, typically LeBlond, was heavily built with hardened and ground alloy-steel gears running on drive shafts that were all, with the exception of the bronze-bushed feed from spindle to changewheels, supported in ball or roller bearings. The No. 4 Morse taper headstock spindle was bored through 1.5-inches, ran in taper-roller bearings and, surprisingly in view of the lathe's strength and capacity, was fitted with only the smallest of the American long-key taper-nose fittings - an L00. Instead of a simple splash lubrication system the headstock was provided with an automatic forced feed from a pump - though this worked only when the spindle was going forwards; if used in reverse for any length of time the makers advised running forwards occasionally to feed oil to gears and bearings or, if used continuously in reverse, to take out the unidirectional pump and replace it at 90-degrees to its normal position. With great ingenuity the designers had arranged not only for one control lever to select the 12 speeds (by rotation and though a hinge that provided an axial movement) but also for the carriage feed rate to be slowed automatically when a change was made from slow-speed gear to high-speed belt drive. Although the 4-step V-belt drive pulleys on motor and input shaft were entirely conventional the final drive (for the high-speed) was by twin V-belts running on pulleys a fixed distance apart with no means of adjusting the belt tension. Because the makers must have rejected the idea of using "link-belts", the lower pulley had to be made adjustable: this was achieved by producing a large hub with its right-hand flange formed as the outer section of one V-pulley. Keyed to the hub, and adjustable along it, was a central ring machined so that each side formed one half of a V groove; to complete the assembly a second ring, again machined with half a V groove, was screwed to the outer part of the hub. By adjusting the position of the central and outer rings (by means of a screw-on boss) the effective width of the V-grooves could be narrowed or widened and hence the belts moved slightly inwards or outwards to adjust the tension. On lathes with serial numbers 2 to 225 and 227 to 272 inclusive the drive to the spindle incorporated a combined multi-plate clutch and brake unit mounted outboard of the 4-step headstock drive pulley whilst all the others should be found fitted with a self-adjusting and maintenance free electrically-operated brake. The electrical control of the spindle (start, stop, reverse and brake) was by a "third-rod" system with two control levers, one on the screwcutting gearbox and the other on the right-hand face of the apron.
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After the complications of the drive system and headstock the rest of the lathe was refreshingly straightforward, though, at the same time, well up to contemporary standards of design. The bed was enormously strong, 11-inches wide and 9.75-inches deep and could be ordered in length increments of 12-inches (though in catalogues the lathe appears only as a 30-inch between centres model). Whilst on early versions the ways for the carriage were machined from the bed material, and of conventional, symmetrical inverted V pattern, later machines used separate hardened steel ways with that at the front in a form LeBlond termed "compensated" - that is, an extra-wide, shallow-angle outer surface (to better absorb wear) and an inner surface set at a much steeper inclination to take tool thrust. The ways, both ran on past the front and back faces of the headstock so allowing the carriage to overlap it and permit the carriage to be of symmetrical design with long, equal-length wings and the cross slide positioned exactly on its centre line. Formed from a one-piece casting with double walls the apron held a supply of oil in its base distributed by a hand-operated plunger pump to the apron bearings and gears, the cross slide ways and bed. The power sliding and surfacing feeds were arranged in a manner similar to that employed on the larger of the early Regal lathes with instant, easy and fool-proof selection and engagement no matter how heavy the cut. A separate slotted power rod, driven by a multi-face dog clutch on the output from the screwcutting gearbox and fitted with the usual LeBlond design of safety-overload, spring-loaded, automatically re-setting ball-bearing clutch, ran through an apron-mounted pinion and drove it through a sliding key. The pinion drove, in turn, a crown wheel and then (through a toothed "face clutch" and a sliding selector gear controlled by a single handle on the face of the apron), the power feeds. A separate lever, emerging from the apron's right-hand face, was used to clutch the feeds in and out. Unlike the heavier LeBlond lathes the carriage feed could not be reversed from the apron instead the usual headstock-mounted lever was employed working through an internally mounted tumble-reverse mechanism. A useful device fitted to all Dual-Drives was a multiple automatic length stop. This consisted of a long bar below the feed-rod supplied with three adjustable stops (though more could be fitted) that engaged against an trip bar that stopped the carriage drive by feed-rod's dog clutch. By just lifting the trip lever handle a spring snapped the bar to the right and re-engage the feed-rod clutch.
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The screwcutting and feeds gearbox was fully enclosed and provided with a positive flow of oil from the same pumped supply used by the headstock. The initial 2-speed drive to the box was from a lever on the headstock marked fine and coarse feeds. An 8-position spring-loaded tumbler then selected the main pitches with each having three ratios selectable by a 3-position quadrant lever on the face of the box - thus giving a total of 48 pitches and feeds. The leadscrew was normally left disengaged other than when screwcutting with a 2-position lever, on the face of the box, providing easy selection and disengagement.
The compound slide rest had good-sized zeroing micrometer dials and taper gib strips adjusted by pusher screws at front and back. The top slide was clamped down by two T-bolts, with heads held in a circular T-slot machined in the cross slide, and its tool-holding T-slot set at an angle. Unfortunately the cross slide was of the "short" type, a design that guaranteed wear would be concentrated on the front and middle section of its ways. An unusual fitting was hinged swarf guard at the back that could be raised to aid lubrication of the feed screw.
The tailstock was suitably massive and
Although a finely engineered piece of work, in true LeBlond fashion, and with easy-to-use controls the same speed range could have easily been achieved without the Dual-Drive headstock by conventional gearing and a 2-speed electric motor - though perhaps the absence of gear-chatter marks on very fine surface finishes turned with the smooth-running V-belts was thought to be worthwhile.
Tony Griffiths