Continued:
Distinctively barrel-shaped, the  headstock of the SV18R contained a 15/8" (41 mm) bore spindle running in adjustable, parallel-bore high-precision plain bearings; these were tapered on their outer surface and compressed into their (tapered) housings by rings screwed onto the headstock nose and tail. The bearings, together with the ball-bearing supported, 8 : 1-ratio backgear assembly fitted under the front section of the spindle, were lubricated by filtered oil lifted by a powerful electric motor from a 7-litre tank in the headstock-end pedestal. Because the pump started work as soon as the lathe motor was switched on it was possible for the operator to ensure that oil was flowing (through two inspection windows on top of the headstock, directly above the bearings) before committing the machine to work. The spindle carried a single, very wide flat pulley that ran in its own ball races (to isolate effects of belt pull and reduce vibration) with the drive transmitted through a long key; the drive came from a piston-pump-lubricated gearbox fitted into the base of the stand that was controlled by a large, smooth-edged handwheel below and in line with the spindle nose - a wheel that looked remarkably like the one fitted to the English CVA toolroom lathe, even to the window cut in its face to reveal the r.p.m. setting engraved on a disc beneath. Instead of the 5 h.p. motor one would have expected on a machine of this class, an 8 hp one was fitted; bolted to the top of the gearbox it drove through 5 V-belts and provided such a surfeit of energy that deep cuts on top speed could be taken with impunity. With such power available the makers wisely decided to fit a large Ampere-meter, in the front face of the headstock; to advise the operator against the danger of overloading at slow spindle speeds; it was marked in red to show 14, 22, 35 and 56 rpm with contrasting black numbers advising the maximum horse power that could be used at each setting. 
Driven from a screwcutting gearbox of conventional design, with a "Norton-type" sliding tumble selector on the front (and neat rotary controls on the left and right-hand faces) and using a 4 t.p.i leadscrew, the lathe (at least on those models exported to the UK) was able to generate a range of English pitches from 0.2 to 140 t.p.i - as well as metric from 0.2m to 14 mm pitch, Module 0.25 to 70 and Diametral 1 to 224 t.p.i - the latter only by altering the set of changewheel on the drive bracket. Longitudinal power feeds varied from 0.0008" to 0.21875" and cross feeds at exactly half those figures - all per revolution of the spindle. In line with the expected heavy-duty use the gearbox was lubricated positively by the action of a piston pump that distributed its output through pipes to all part of the assembly.
Able to be set over in the usual way for taper turning, the tailstock held a No. 3 Morse taper spindle fitted (to accurately measure its rather short 4.75-inches of travel) with both an adjustable micrometer collar on the handwheel and a ruler scale engraved into its hardened and ground surface.
The lathe was approximately 950 mm deep for all versions and 2520 mm, 2720 mm and 3020 mm long and 1730 kg, 1800 kg and 1850 kg in weight for the 750 mm, 1000 mm and 1250 mm between-centres capacities respectively.
Once an entirely centralised, state-controlled industry (largely devoted to supplying the Soviet Union and its satellite Eastern Bloc countries) the Czech machine-tool industry is now (from the late years of the 20th century) privatised and broken into many smaller units with 80% of production exported to countries within the EU, America and Canada. Although the well-known "TOS" brand is thought of by many Western engineers as one company in its homeland the description translates loosely as: "machine-tool builder," and the initials were once applied (under state control) to many diverse industries; with privatisation legal negotiations allowed only some firms to keep the valuable "trademark" but even those who failed often adopted a variation on the theme to get around the restrictions - Toshulin, for example using "TOS Hulin" as a workaround.
Today (2004) "ZPS Zlin" is the largest Czech machine-tool builder with "ZPS" the parent company and "Zlin" the city in which they are located.  By concentrating on a low-cost and popular range of vertical machining centres ZPS Zlin manufactures more machine tools every year than the total output of all other Czech makers combined. Other Czech machine-tool companies include:
Cetos Hostivar  Cylindrical grinding machines
CKD Blansko  CNC-controlled Vertical Boring Machines
Intos Zebbak  Milling machines
Kovosvit Holoubkov  Radial Drilling Machines
Metal Press  Power Presses
Retos Vanrsdorf  Horizontal Boring Machines
Skoda Heavy-duty Lathes and "floor borers"
Smeral  Power Presses
Stanko  Metal-cutting and Metal-forming Equipment
Strojimport  Metal-cutting & Metal-Forming Equipment
Strojtos-Lipnik  Milling Machines
Toma Trnava  Power Presses
TOS (Celakovice)  Lathes
TOS (Galanta)  Lathes
  TOS (Kurim) Milling Machines, Drilling Equipment, Machining Centres, Transfer Lines
  Toshulin Vertical Lathes
  VSS (Kosice and Zdas) Power presses

Of conventional design, the set-over tailstock had a hardened, ground and lapped spindle with a 120 mm (4.75") stroke, a No. 3 Morse taper socket, metric ruler graduations and a large-diameter zeroing micrometer dial. A proper split-cylinder clamp locked the spindle and the whole assembly was secured to the bed by a lever-operated eccentric cross shaft (though it lacked a second bolt to help with heavy work).