Harrison Union Graduate & Jubilee Lathes
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A Manual and Parts List is available for the Graduate--email for details
Not counting the multi-purpose Model L1A, the first proper wood lathe produced by Harrison was the treadle-driven Light Pattern Hand Lathe of the late 1920. However, it is for the 1939 Jubilee that the Company is best known - a model that was to find great favour in educational establishments and amongst professional turners who needed a strong, compact, well-made and self-contained machine. It was joined in 1959 by the even better Graduate, a type that was originally advertised as the Harrison Union Graduate. With Harrison part of the 600 Group, production of this long-lived model was moved to the Multico wood-machinery factory where examples of the Tyne Little Gem, Tyme Cub, Tyme Avon, Classic and Challenger wood lathes were also built.
Beautifully made, the Graduate is constructed entirely from cast iron and steel, is immensely strong, rigid and safe - all important considerations when turning larger pieces of wood. The centre height is 6 inches and between-centres capacities of 30, 42 and 54 inches have been offered, though in recent years only the shortest model has been offered. The standard-fit bowl-turning attachment can accept material up to 6 inches deep at a diameter of 18 inches, or 12 inches if limited to a thickness of 12 inches.
With a No. 3 Morse-taper, the 0.75-inch bore spindle (with a 1.5" x 6 t.p.i nose thread) runs in ball races and is driven through its four speeds of 425, 790, 1330 and 2250 rpm by a 0.75 hp 1425 rpm motor, although higher speeds are perfectly possible if the motor pulley is increased in diameter.
The motor and its drive system are safely enclosed within the main cast-iron pedestal that is fitted, to assist changes of spindle speed, with a large access door on the left-hand face and a hinge-open top - both covers being wired with safety switches to cut the motor when they are opened. A mechanical variable-speed drive option using expanding and contracting pulleys with a speed range from 100 to 2300 rpm. has also been offered. However, following a dramatic fall in the price of electronic controllers, today a better system would use a 3-phase motor controlled by a 1-phase to 3-phase inverter - a system any owner of a standard machine could easily replicate at comparatively low cost (see this page for further details).
The bed is formed from a box-section iron casting with machined ways and is bolted and dowelled to the main pedestal. The gap between the ways is used to guide the tailstock whose No. 2 Morse-taper barrel is bored 9/16" clear through so that it can be used to guide augers for deep-hole boring.
Although a Graduate always holds its price well, and hence is expensive to acquire second-hand, they are an excellent investment and, taken care of, can be sold for an equivalent sum even after many years of use. For the serious wood-turner it can be strongly argued that there has never been a better mid-sized machine on the market.
Two other versions are available: a dedicated bowl turning unit, consisting of the just the headstock pedestal end, and a "short-bed" version, both of which are illustrated below. All versions come apart very easily and can be transported in a small trailer or even the luggage compartment of a hatchback with its rear seats folded. The end plate of the bed, through which the connecting bolts pass, has two dowels whose holes would have been drilled and reamed at the factory after the bed was connected to and aligned with the headstock - almost certainly using some form of jig. Cleaning the joint faces carefully and making sure the dowels are fully home should ensure an accurate realignment. Of course , if the lathe is subsequently bolted to the floor (it's not necessary), it would be possible to pull things out of line..