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CHALLENGER LATHE

Advertised as "A British Product Throughout", yet without the maker having the courage to print a name and address on sales literature, this 1930s manufactured 5-inch centre height by 24 inches between centres lathe was of simple design and construction and available in one basic model that could be supplied in a variety of specifications for either bench, leg or underdrive-stand mounting.
Bbraced by V-shaped webs with ways of the "two-Vs and 2-flat" the bed had separate guides for the carriage and No. 2 Morse taper tailstock. The 10-inch long carriage carried felt wipers at each corner and, because it was arranged to run past the headstock - and the bed lacked a gap - was able to mount its cross slide centrally so ensuring that the latter was always well supported when working right up against a chuck or faceplate. However, the cross slide was of the short type that tended to wear just the central section of its ways - though a heavy  cast-iron cover was provided at the rear to protect the cross-feed screw. Both the top and cross slide were fitted with simple screw-adjusted gib strips and (as usual for the era) rather small micrometer dials. The apron was single-sided and available as either a plain unit, with just leadscrew clasp nuts to provide both screwcutting and longitudinal feeds, or a power-feed unit - in which case the Acme-thread leadscrew was slotted to drive a worm-and-wheel arrangement within the apron to give both sliding and surfacing feeds that operated through a friction clutch. A thread dial indicator was fitted as standard.
The headstock contained a spindle manufactured from 45 ton tensile steel, bored through to clear a 1-inch diameter bar and running in either hand-scraped bronze bearings or taper roller races (the latter a feature found only on late-model examples). The spindle nose was fitted with a reducing sleeve to accept a No. 2 Morse taper centre. The covered backgear assembly was of convention pattern with the rear gears mounted on an eccentric spindle; unfortunately the gears, like the changewheels, were "as cast" and unmachined which meant that, although they were cheap to produce (and perfectly effective in use) they could not withstand shock loadings as many owners must have found to their cost as they engaged backgear to lock the spindle for chuck removal - only to remove a row of teeth instead. The 6 spindle speeds spanned 45 to 660 rpm with a recommended countershaft speed of 350 rpm.
A tumble-reverse mechanism was fitted to the changewheel drive to enable the spindle to run free, or to cut right-or left-hand threads; the gears on this unit were of steel and, mindful of the stresses they might meet (and unlike the cast changewheels in the rest of the drive) machine cut. The set of changewheels was sufficient in number to generate both English and metric pitches, although (as far as is known) the gearbox model was not offered with a metric-conversion set.
When sold for bench mounting the makers provided the option of a flat-belt countershaft drive unit, for wall or ceiling mounting, whilst at extra cost a pair of simple cast iron legs could be provided. The most sophisticated version was mounted on a stand with a large and heavy cast-iron under-headstock cabinet that held an enclosed motor drive system.
The specification could be varied as follows:
Bench machine with countershaft - Type A
Norton gearbox - Type N
3-Speed gearbox - Type G
Power cross feed and countershaft - Type C
Legs for floor mounting - Type L
Motor-drive cabinet leg - Type M
Motor-drive overhead unit - Type H (this was not illustrated in the catalogues).
The lathe was supplied with a driving plate, changewheels, 2 Morse centres, a Morse adapter sleeve for the headstock, screwcutting charts and one spanner and a "key". The bench machine weighed 3.5 cwt (392 lbs) and the heaviest underdrive model 6 cwt. (672 lbs)

The basic Challenger Type A for bench mounting with changewheel screwcutting and hand-operated cross feed

Challenger Type A.G.L. with 3-speed screwcutting gearbox and mounted on the plain legs

Challenger Type A.C.M.N. on the underdrive stand with power cross feed and a Norton-type screwcutting gearbox

A surprising number of Challenger lathes survive to this day and still see active service