Usina Metalúgica Joinville was a foundry and toolmaking business established in 1893 by Otto Bennack and concentrated mainly on parts for the railroad industry and farming tools. The company remained in his hands until the Second World War when,  because of his German connections, he was forced to sell. At some point during the 1940s a South Bend lathe was acquired as a master pattern and production stated of a straightforward copy - the donor machine (based on the appearance of the bed feet and other details) being of 1940 vintage.  The only significant modification made to the first production examples was a change from a V to a flat rear bedway - though soon afterwards a radial alteration was made when the headstock was modified to accept a larger bore spindle (0.826") running in parallel-bore, plain bronze spindle bearings held in conical housings by serrated screwed rings with adjustment by compression nuts. Later changes included a full-length cross slide carrying a single length-wise T slot, extra-wide bed feet and an entirely different and simpler design of apron with a single vertical lever to select and engage power cross feed. Although driven by a key riding in a slotted leadscrew, as on the South Bend original, on the Joinville the apron mechanism was not used to provide a geared-down sliding feed along the bed - this being left to the screwcutting gearbox and leadscrew.
Development of the lathe continued during the 1950s and 1960s resulting, in the late 1960s, in the Model TM-127, a more angular machine, rather on the lines of a late-model Boxford and with the same type of taper-roller bearing headstock. This model continued to be available into the 1970s, being superseded by the types 217R and TM127, both of which were still able to accept many parts from earlier types.
Joinville was eventually acquired by Romi (which still designs and manufactures metal-cutting machines) with manufacture of lathes passing to another company (Riosulense) who, by the late 1980s, were suffering (like all other makers of small lathes) from an influx of cheap Chinese machines and were forced to close.
If any reader has details of this or other Joinville machine tools, or access to any of the company's sales and technical literature, the writer would be pleased to hear from them..